Electoral College Votes Vrs Popular Vote
Electoral College Votes Vrs Popular Vote |
Although the
final vote tallies are not yet in, the indications are that Hillary Clinton
will become the fifth presidential candidate to lose the election despite
winning the popular vote.
For those of you not familiar with the intricacies of the US system of electing a president, it’s a two-step process. Each state is worth a set number of electoral college votes. In most states, the winner of the popular ballot gets all that state’s electoral college votes (unless members of the electoral college choose not to vote for them, but let’s not get into that for the moment).
Who selects
the Electors?
Choosing
each state's Electors is a two part process. First, the political parties in
each state choose slates of potential Electors sometime before the general
election. Second, on Election Day, the voters in each state select their
state's Electors by casting their ballots for President.
The first
part of the process is controlled by the political parties in each state and
varies from state to state. Generally, the parties either nominate slates of
potential Electors at their state party conventions or they chose them by a
vote of the party's central committee. This happens in each state for each
party by whatever rules the state party and (sometimes) the national party have
for the process. This first part of the process results in each Presidential
candidate having their own unique slate of potential Electors.
Political
parties often choose Electors for the slate to recognize their service and
dedication to that political party. They may be state elected officials, state
party leaders, or people in the state who have a personal or political
affiliation with their party's Presidential candidate. (For specificinformation about how slates of potential Electors are chosen, contact the politicalparties in each state.)
The second
part of the process happens on Election Day. When the voters in each state cast
votes for the Presidential candidate of their choice they are voting to select
their state's Electors. The potential Electors' names may or may not appear on
the ballot below the name of the Presidential candidates, depending on election
procedures and ballot formats in each state.
The winning
Presidential candidate's slate of potential Electors are appointed as the
state's Electors except in Nebraska and Maine, which have proportional
distribution of the Electors. In Nebraska and Maine, the state winner receives
two Electors and the winner of each congressional district (who may be the same
as the overall winner or a different candidate) receives one Elector. This
system permits the Electors from Nebraska and Maine to be awarded to more than
one candidate.
There are
currently 538 available electoral college votes. The would-be president needs
to secure 270 of these to win. At the time of writing Clinton was on track to
lose by 74 electoral college votes (final results for New Jersey and Michigan
are not yet in), despite being ahead in the popular vote.
The last
time the electoral applecart was upset in this fashion was in 2000. In
controversial circumstances George W Bush took Florida, allowing him to reach
the 270 vote target – just. He secured 271 electoral college votes to Al Gore’s
266 (one elector abstained from casting an electoral vote for the latter).
Prior to
that election, it had been 112 years since another Republican candidate,
Benjamin Harrison, secured a majority of electoral college ballots while losing
the popular vote.
It was (yet
another) Republican who this system first advantaged in 1876: Rutherford B
Hayes won out by just one electoral college vote, despite more than 250,000
fewer ballots being cast for him than his main opponent, Samuel J Tilden.
Arguably the
strangest happening of all, however, was in 1824, when John Quincy Adams won
the presidency even though Andrew Jackson had received more popular votes and
more electoral votes. Because none of the candidates in the race reached the
required number of electoral college votes, the decision was left to the House
of Representatives, which opted for Adams.
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